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F.B. Eyes: How J. Edgar Hoover's Ghostreaders Framed African American Literature
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F.B. Eyes: How J. Edgar Hoover's Ghostreaders Framed African American Literature Hardcover - 2015

by William J. Maxwell


From the publisher

Few institutions seem more opposed than African American literature and J. Edgar Hoover's white-bread Federal Bureau of Investigation. But behind the scenes the FBI's hostility to black protest was energized by fear of and respect for black writing. Drawing on nearly 14,000 pages of newly released FBI files, F.B. Eyes exposes the Bureau's intimate policing of five decades of African American poems, plays, essays, and novels. Starting in 1919, year one of Harlem's renaissance and Hoover's career at the Bureau, secretive FBI "ghostreaders" monitored the latest developments in African American letters. By the time of Hoover's death in 1972, these ghostreaders knew enough to simulate a sinister black literature of their own. The official aim behind the Bureau's close reading was to anticipate political unrest. Yet, as William J. Maxwell reveals, FBI surveillance came to influence the creation and public reception of African American literature in the heart of the twentieth
century.Taking his title from Richard Wright's poem "The FB Eye Blues," Maxwell details how the FBI threatened the international travels of African American writers and prepared to jail dozens of them in times of national emergency. All the same, he shows that the Bureau's paranoid style could prompt insightful criticism from Hoover's ghostreaders and creative replies from their literary targets. For authors such as Claude McKay, James Baldwin, and Sonia Sanchez, the suspicion that government spy-critics tracked their every word inspired rewarding stylistic experiments as well as disabling self-censorship.Illuminating both the serious harms of state surveillance and the ways in which imaginative writing can withstand and exploit it, F.B. Eyes is a groundbreaking account of a long-hidden dimension of African American literature.

From the rear cover

"Anyone who spies William J. Maxwell's latest book is sure to have her or his eyes pop. F.B. Eyes is a fascinating study of the FBI's decades-long surveillance program targeting the who's who of the African American cultural scene. What we read as art, Hoover's G-Men coded as threats. In poring over black writers' output across the long arc of the civil rights struggle, the FBI's 'ghostreaders, ' as diabolical as they were paranoid, added layers of weight to--and in some cases informed--the African American literary canon, which Maxwell reveals in an irresistible narrative steeped in investigative research."--Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Harvard University

"F.B. Eyes is an exciting and important read: part detective story, part intelligence history, and part revisionist theory of black modernism. Throughout, William J. Maxwell proves to be a more rigorous and ingenious 'ghostreader' than Hoover ever was."--Mary Helen Washington, University of Maryland, College Park

"In this meticulously researched study, William J. Maxwell demonstrates how the luminaries of twentieth-century African American literature preoccupied the 'ghostreaders' of Hoover's FBI, who became some of the most assiduous critics of modern black writing. While making clear the abuses of FBI surveillance, Maxwell also illuminates the fascinating ways in which African American authors incorporated a critical awareness of spying into much of the literature they produced."--Kenneth W. Warren, University of Chicago

"Full of surprises of fact and interpretation, often wittily and memorably formulated, this awe-inspiringly well-researched book offers a completely new approach to FBI spying on black writers and to the readerly and scholarly habits of Hoover's G-Men, who perversely come across as rather pioneering critics of African American literature. This book is an absolute delight to read."--Werner Sollors, Harvard University

"This bold, well-written, and witty book makes a valuable contribution to African American and black diasporan literary history and will be an important resource for some time to come. The book reveals, among other things, a pas de deux between the FBI and black authors that had a significant impact on twentieth-century African American writing. William J. Maxwell shows that the FBI's constant surveillance had an influence on black writers and intellectuals that has largely been ignored until now."--George Hutchinson, Cornell University

Details

  • Title F.B. Eyes: How J. Edgar Hoover's Ghostreaders Framed African American Literature
  • Author William J. Maxwell
  • Binding Hardcover
  • Pages 384
  • Volumes 1
  • Language ENG
  • Publisher Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
  • Date 2015-01-04
  • Illustrated Yes
  • ISBN 9780691130200 / 0691130205
  • Weight 1.5 lbs (0.68 kg)
  • Dimensions 9.5 x 6.4 x 1.2 in (24.13 x 16.26 x 3.05 cm)
  • Themes
    • Aspects (Academic): Historical
    • Chronological Period: 20th Century
    • Ethnic Orientation: African American
  • Library of Congress subjects American literature - African American, American literature - African American
  • Library of Congress Catalog Number 2014933936
  • Dewey Decimal Code 810.9

Media reviews

Citations

  • Choice, 06/01/2015, Page 1656
  • Kirkus Reviews, 11/01/2014, Page 0
  • Library Journal, 01/01/2015, Page 102
  • Publishers Weekly, 11/10/2014, Page 0

About the author

William J. Maxwell is professor of English and African and African American studies at Washington University in St. Louis. His F.B. Eyes Digital Archive presents copies of 51 of the FBI files discussed in this book.
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