Search Results: Titles starting with E from Atticus Rare Books

Lancaster: American Physical Society, 1956. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF TWO PAPERS RELATED TO THE STATIC MODEL FOR THE PION-NUCLEON INTERACTION. The two Chew and Low papers in this issue depict the important "interplay between technical developments in QFT and the elaboration of simplified models of the strong interaction" (Brown, Pions to Quarks, 596). The authors re-examine the theory of p-wave pion-nucleon scattering using the QFT formalism recently developed by one of the authors, F. E. Low. Specifically, the paper looks at Chew's "fixed-extended-source model using Low's QFT formalism" (ibid). After these papers, Chew's fixed-extended-source model became known as the Chew-Low model. CONDITION & DETAILS: Lancaster: American Physical Society. Complete issue in original wraps. 4to. (10.5 x 8 inches; 263 x 200mm). Light toning on one spot on the front wrap; very slight edge wear (see photos). Very good condition.

Lancaster: American Physical Society, 1954. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF A PIONEERING PAPER IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING. Carr and Purcell "showed that a simple modification of Hahn's spin-echo method reduces drastically the effect of diffusion" in magnetic resonance, thus increasing its reliability (Aligizaki, 213). Otto Hahn recognized "the sensitivity of the spin echo MR signal on molecular diffusion... While he proposed that one could measure the diffusion coefficient of a solution containing spin-labeled molecules, he did not propose a direct method for doing so... [In 1954 in this paper], Carr and Purcell proposed a complete mathematical and physical framework for such a measurement using Hahn's NMR spin echo sequence. They realized that the echo magnitude could be sensitized solely to the effects of random molecular spreading caused by diffusion in a way that permits a direct measurement. "Carr and Purcell's proposed MR sequences sensitized the MR spin echo to the… Read More

Berlin: Julius Springer, 1933. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION, FULL VOLUME, OF MEISSNER & OCHSENFELD'S CONSEQUENTIAL 1933 DISCOVERY OF THE MEISSNER EFFECT: "SUPERCONDUCTORS EXPEL MAGNETIC FIELDS" (Brandt, Harvest of the Century, 362). "Superconductivity [is] one of the most spectacular phenomena of physics, [arising] when a superconducting material is cooled to a low critical temperature. Suddenly, an electric current can flow with no resistance whatsoever" (Nobel Prize Press Release]. Simultaneously, the Meissner effect occurs. Meissner and Ochsenfeld's ‘unexpected' discovery that superconductors exclude magnetic fields from their interior "had important experimental and theoretical consequences" (Brandt). While superconductivity was first observed by Onnes in 1911, M & O's observation took the first step toward explaining it; their work led as well to the pioneering theories of Fritz and Heinz London who were able to provide a theoretical description of the electrodynamics of superconductivity not… Read More

Berlin: Springer, 1930. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF BOTHE & BECKER'S INFLUENTIAL 1930 ANNOUNCEMENT & DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTION OF NEUTRAL PENETRATING RADIATION; while not the gamma radiation they believed it to be, within two years their work would lead directly to Chadwick's discovery of the neutron. Walther Bothe and Herbert Becker believed they had observed gamma radiation -- -rays (very energetic photons) being emitted from a beryllium target bombarded by -particles; in reality they had seen neutrons. By 1932, James Chadwick had correctly interpreted Bothe and Becker's research and discovered the neutron. Bothe won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1954 for his work on the wave-particle duality of radiation, but the prize committee also specifically mentioned the work offered here. Note that later in this same year, 1930, Bothe and Becker published a fuller discussion of their findings in Zeitschrift für Physik 66, 1930. We offer that work separately. Chadwick's seminal… Read More

Berlin: Julius Springer, 1936. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION OF A PIONEERING PAPER ON THE GENERATION OF MICROWAVES, specifically, it is "the first description of the fundamental principles behind modern high power linear beam microwave electron tubes" (Sarkar, History of Wireless, 341). The authors develop their concept of velocity modulation and spatial bunching, then describe and demonstrate their mechanism for velocity modulation in linear-beam tubes. Agnesa Arsenjeva-Heil, a young Russian physicist, and her husband, a German scientist, Oskar Ernst Heil conducted their research with Lord Rutherford at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. Prior to their work, "studies of the classical triode valve in which an anode current is controlled by a grid had shown that a fundamental difficulty for the highest frequencies was the excess grid control power needed due to electron inertia" (Dummer, Electronic Inventions and Discoveries, 108). To circumvent this problem, Arsenjeva-Heil and Heil's… Read More

Kiel: C. Schmidt, 1921. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION OF WIRTZ'S 1921 STUDY OF THE BRIGHTNESS & DOPPLER SHIFT OF A NUMBER OF SPIRAL NEBULAE, HERE - 8 YEARS BEFORE HUBBLE -- PRESENTING THE FIRST SUGGESTION OF A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VELOCITY AND APPARENT MAGNITUDE. In this paper, the title of which translates as "Statistics of the Radial Movements of Spiral Nebulae and Globular Clusters", Wirtz "found a correlation of radial velocity with the magnitude of the object, in the sense that the fainter the spiral, the larger its radial velocity tended to be" (Bertotti, Modern Cosmology, 275). In 1929, Hubble unequivocally confirmed Wirtz's argument that "the more distant a galaxy is, the faster it moves away from us" (Stott, Images of the Universe, 17). Carl Wilhelm Wirtz (1876-1939), the Observator (i.e. the principle observer) of the Kiel Observatory studied the radial velocities of spiral nebulae. "He concluded in 1918 that the distances of these spiral nebulae, though wrongly evaluated to 21000… Read More

2007. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL PICTORIAL WRAPPERS OF A 2007 JOURNAL ISSUE WITH TWO INTERESTING ARTICLES: (1) In-depth article by Topper & Vincent on Einstein's 1934 presentation of the mathematical derivation of his famous E=MC2 equation. In doing their research, the authors discovered a previously unknown photograph showing Einstein, posed in front of a blackboard upon which he has written out the math that led him to his unification of mass and energy. Other than this photo, included with the article, there are no known surviving photos of the man and his equation. (2) Article by Wohl describing three brilliant investigations done by Luis Alvarez involving areas outside of particle physics, the field in which he was awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize. TOPPER & VINCENT PAPER: At a public lecture in 1934, 400 students attended a lecture by Einstein in which he presented his famous mass-energy equivalence equation: E=mc2. The authors discovered a photo, a halftone newspaper clipping of… Read More

New York: New York Times, 1936. 1st Edition. First edition of the March 7, 1936 issue of the New York Times, complete with "Certificate of Authentication" by the Historic Newspaper Archives. The certificate is #379913; it is signed and includes the seal of the archive. As the title implies, this article reports Einstein and Rosen's refutation of Ludwik Silberstein's public skepticism of Einstein's results, calculations, and processes of verification. " In 1935, following a controversial debate with Einstein, Silberstein published a solution of Einstein's field equations that appeared to describe a static, axisymmetric metric with only two point singularities representing two point masses. Such a solution clearly violates our understanding of gravity: with nothing to support them and no kinetic energy to hold them apart, the two masses should fall towards each other due to their mutual gravity, in contrast with the static nature of Silberstein's solution. This led Silberstein to claim that… Read More

New York: New York Times, 1931. 1st Edition. First edition of the October 19th, 1931 issue of the New York Times, complete with "Certificate of Authentication" by the Historic Newspaper Archives. The certificate is #379912; it is signed and includes the seal of the archive. Einstein was asked to contribute to the New York Times' "World Mourns the Death of Edison; Body to Lie in State in Laboratory.". CONDITION: Historic Newspaper Archives (see above) has placed the issue in archival plastic and then into an Archive snap close bag. (see photo) By any measure, this complete issue appears in very good condition.

Washington DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL PAPER WRAPS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE WINNING DISCOVERY OF GRAPHENE, A FORM OF CARBON JUST ONE ATOM THICK - THE THINNEST MATERIAL & FIRST TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIAL EVER DISCOVERED, AS WELL AS ONE OF THE STRONGEST MATERIALS IN THE UNIVERSE. In this paper, Dutch-Russian physicist Andre Konstantin Geim and the Russo-British physicist Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov first announce their discovery and production of graphene. "As a conductor of heat it outperforms all other known materials. It is almost completely transparent, yet so dense that not even helium, the smallest gas atom, can pass through it" (Nobel Foundation, Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 for Graphene - "Two-dimensional Material). "Graphite has been a known quantity for a long time (humans have been using it since the Neolithic era). Its atomic structure is well documented, and for a long time, scientists pondered whether single layers of… Read More

London: Harrison & Sons, 1935. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION of the LONDON EQUATIONS, "THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT AT CHARACTERIZING THE ELECTRODYNAMIC BEHARIOR OF SUPERCONDUCTORS" (Yom, The London Equations). The second paper is part two of an important paper by Fermi and Segre, et al. explaining that slow neutrons are effective in creating nuclear reactions because of their large cross section. We offer Part I separately in Volume 146, 1934. THE LONDON EQUATIONS: The equations were developed by brothers Fritz and Heinz London in 1935 and published in the volume offered here. The equations "relate current to electromagnetic fields in and around a superconductor and are arguably the simplest meaningful description of superconducting phenomena. A major triumph of the equations is their ability to explain the Meissner effect, wherein a material exponentially expels all internal magnetic fields as it crosses the superconducting threshold" (Surhone, London Equations). CONDITION & DETAILS: London:… Read More

Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1893. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION, FIRST PRESENTATION OF HELMHOLTZ'S DISPERSION THEORY OF LIGHT, THE BELIEF "THAT BOTH CONDUCTING AND DIELECTRIC MEDIA CONSIST OF MOLECULES, each comprising (in the simplest case) two oppositely charged atoms" (Maxwell's Electro-magnetic Theory of Light, 375). Helmholtz based his dispersion theory of light on what he called his "electrochemical theory." Helmholtz believed that "identifying units of electricity with units of chemical affinity implied... the idea of ‘compounds in which every unit of affinity of every atom is connected with one and only one other unit of another atom'. This, he pointed out, ‘is the modern chemical theory of quantivalence, comprising all the saturated compounds" (ibid; Faraday, Conception of Electricity, 303). CONDITION & DETAILS: Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth. 8vo. (8 x 5 inches; 200mm x 125mm); Handsomely rebound in three-quarter calf over marbled paper boards (with purposeful scuffing to impart… Read More

Lancaster: American Physical Society, 1947. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION, FIRST ISSUE of "The Electromagnetic Shift of Energy Levels," in which Bethe, considering the Lamb/Retherford discovery of the shift of the 2S-state of hydrogen upward in energy evidenced in "Fine Structure," took up an idea of Hans Kramer's that if one renormalized the mass of the electron ("taking into account its interaction with its own electromagnetic field, then only those parts of the self-energy which are not contained in the mass of the particle would be observable and amenable to experimentation") (Mehra, The Conceptual Completion, 1039). Full volume with many other papers of significance throughout. "The main idea in Bethe's calculation was to use Kramer's renormalization procedure (although in a quantum, rather than a classical context) for the self-energy of the electron in a nonrelativistic consideration of this problem" (ibid). When done, Bethe had "completed the first non-relativistic computation of the shift of… Read More

London: Harrison & Sons. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION OF GOTCH AND BURCH'S 19th c. NERVE & MUSCLE STUDY OF MALAPTERURUS ELECTRICUS, A SPECIES OF ELECTRIC CATFISH. Extracted from The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society for the year 1896. In this important experiment aimed at understanding the ability of electric fish to stun smaller fishes and even numb a human hand while not causing harm to themselves or others of their species, Gotch and Burch recorded electrical activity using a capillary electrometer, finding "that the discharge of a single ‘disk' of the fish's organ was in the range of 40 to 50 mV, and thus similar to that of nerves" (Finger, The Shocking History of Electric Fishes, 408). Handsomely illustrated. CONDITION & DETAILS: London: Harrison and Sons. Complete extract. 4to. 11 x 8.75 inches. Three plates and in-text figures. Clean and bright. Near fine condition in every way.

Lancaster: American Physical Society, 1956. 1st Edition. ROBERT HOFSTADTER'S SEMINAL, NOBEL PRIZE WINNING PAPER SUMMARIZING HIS WORK ON ELECTRON SCATTERING AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Hofstadter was able to show results that were "achieved with a precision that had scarcely been attained before in high-energy physics, [and that showed] persuasively that the proton and the neutron are extended structures; "nuclei were thereby proven not to be homogeneous, but to have internal structures) (Nobel Prize Committee). Robert Hofstadter (1915 - 1990) was an American physicist who won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics, with Rudolf Mössbauer, "for [their] pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his consequent discoveries concerning the structure of nucleons" (ibid). In order to conduct the first ever high-energy electron scattering experiments, Hofstadter worked with the Stanford linear accelerator, adding apparatus he had developed for studying the internal structure of nuclei. It was… Read More

1925. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL PICTORIAL WRAPPERS. Near fine condition. "This paper is an early example of a series of papers - which continued until his death - in which he explored, within the confines of general relativity, possible pathways in the direction of a unified field theory. Here he discusses whether it is possible to explain why electrons and protons have equal charge but unequal masses. He notes that a more natural solution to the field equations would be particles of opposite sign and equal mass, thus anticipating (but for unrelated "Select Annotated Biography 114, p. 307). ALSO INCLUDED: Zeeman, "Lorentz en de Hypothese der Licht-Quanta Bij de Voortplanting Van Licht," pp. 325-330 [Lorentz was Zeeman's mentor]. ALSO INCLUDED: Some of the issue is a memorial to Lorentz. CONDITION DETAILS: Complete issue. Very slight wear at the spine. Bright and clean inside and out. Near fine condition.

McGraw-Hill, 1946. 1st Edition. IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS, THE FIRST PUBLICATION BY EINSTEIN OF THE FAMILIAR EQUATION, E=mc2, IN THAT SPECIFIC FORM. Eight months after Hiroshima, the editors of Science Illustrated turned to Albert Einstein to explain "the form of the energy that destroyed Hiroshima;" "to explain in his own words what takes place in the operation of his law" (Science Illustrated 1, 1, pp. 17, April 1946). The editors believed that given the deployment of two nuclear weapons, "average citizen(s)," wanted at least a layman's understanding of the mathematical law that enabled atomic explosions so that they were better able to understand the destruction the bombs unleashed (ibid). The mathematical equation, or law, in question was one Einstein published in 1905 in his Theory of Special Relativity, but the form in which it was then written was longer and more complex. In the paper offered here, Einstein presents the equation we all now know, a shorter, more understandable derivation of his… Read More

American Physical Society, 1981. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF "THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL ALCHEMICAL EXPERIMENT IN HISTORY" (Valijak, Vintage News, 2017). Seaborg and his team transmuted several thousand atoms of bismuth into gold for the first time by accelerating carbon and neon nuclei to near light speed and then directing them into foils of bismuth, splitting off parts of the bismuth nucleus. This technique, while too costly for routine manufacturing, is the modern version of the "Philosopher's Stone," a legendary method for turning base metals into gold. "In 1980, he used his extensive knowledge of nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics to conduct the first successful alchemical experiment in the history of humanity. He employed a particle accelerator to remove protons and neutrons from several thousand atoms of bismuth and managed to transmute them into atoms of gold. Although several thousand atoms is a quantity so small that it is not even visible to the naked eye, Seaborg… Read More

Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1863. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION, full bound volume, OF WIENER'S 1863 PAPER PROVIDING THE FIRST SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSE OF BROWNIAN MOTION - THE FIRST QUALITATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF THE INTERNAL MOLECULAR CAUSE OF BROWNIAN MOTION. Information on Kirchhoff's solar spectral analysis paper - the last of three important ones -- appears further down. WIENER: While Brown suspected that the motion has biological causes, Wiener "relates Brownian motion to inherent fluctuations of the suspending fluid" and was the first to prove that Brownian motion is a consequence of the molecular movements of the liquid in question (Philipse, Brownian Motion, 12). Brownian motion is the random movement of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or a gas) caused by collisions with molecules of the fluid. It was one of the first indications of the existence of atoms and molecules. In 1863, about 36 years after Robert Brown first wrote about Brownian motion, the German… Read More

Florence: Onofri, 1674. THIRD EDITION OF FRANCESCO REDI'S MASTERPIECE REFUTING SPONTANEOUS REGENERATION, first published in 1668. "A milestone in the history of modern science," Redi's book outlines the first series of experiments to disprove 'spontaneous generation' -- "a theory also known as Aristotelian abiogenesis" (Wikipedia). Francesco Redi was an Italian physician, naturalist, and poet. Redi's seminal work includes 39 particularly gorgeous copperplate engravings. "At the time, [the] prevailing wisdom was that maggots arose spontaneously from rotting meat"; in other words, that nonliving matter could generate the production of living organisms" (ibid). In his experiments, Redi captured maggots and waited for them to metamorphose, becoming flies. "Also, when dead flies or maggots were put in sealed jars with dead animals or veal, no maggots appeared, but when the same thing was done with living flies, maggots did" (Wikipedia). Redi compared two groups of meat: "the first left exposed to… Read More