Tenmon Zukai (=explanation of astronomy by means of figures). by IGUCHI TSUNENORI
by IGUCHI TSUNENORI
Tenmon Zukai (=explanation of astronomy by means of figures).
by IGUCHI TSUNENORI
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Osaka, Itanya Mohee, 1689.
5 parts bound in 6 volumes 4to [222 x 160 mm] of: 32, 31, 37, 31, 33 and 54 leaves respectively.
Xylograph text in Japanese on rice paper. Handwritten annotations in red ink. Preserved in their blue original wrappers sewn in the eastern manner, calligraphed lettering-pieces on old paper added later on the front covers. Few signs of use. Stamp on the paste-down. Blue cloth protecting chemise.
Rare and precious first edition of the first astronomical book to be published in Japan.
Miyajima Kazuhiko, Japanese Celestial Cartography, S. 590 f.; Annick Horiuchi, Les mathématiques japonaises à l'époque d'Edo, 1994, p.266.
The Tenmon Zukai (explanation of astronomy by means of figures) is the work of an astronomer from Kyoto, Iguchi Tsunenori.
Tsunenori was widely influenced by his colleague researches, Shibukawa Harumi (1639-1751), who had carried out the first astronomical observations in the country in 1669. He had studied the moon, sun and planets motions, and also the eclipses, and had used those new data to draw up the first calendar in Japan, the Jokyo.
Iguchi's work is based on the new data updated by Shibukawa Harumi, but it also denotes an influence from western astronomy conveyed by Schall and Verbiest's works.
Divided into 5 parts, this treatise is dedicated to mathematical astronomy. It deals with planetary system and celestial motion, phases and orbits of the moon, seasons, and prediction of eclipses.
The abundant illustration comprises 50 woodcuts, including 4 double-page plates, showing the astronomical knowledge expounded in the text. Among the woodcuts, there are sky and stars maps, figures of the lunar phases and a map of the eastern hemisphere.
This map of the eastern hemisphere is influenced by the famous Matteo Ricci's world map published in Beijin in 1602 and presented to the Ming emperor Shenzong. We know that Jesuits had sent from Beijin several copies of this map to Japan.
Iguchi's map shows a very interesting particularity: in the south-east of Japan, the map is illustrated with two imaginary islands: Kinshima, the gold island and Ginshima, the silver island. The origin of these illustrations is not clear but we know that Dutch and Spanish navigators have vainly combed the Pacific in the 16th and 17th centuries in search for these two islands.
Fourteen woodcuts have been contemporary enhanced with colour.
" The 'Tenmon Zukai' is the first astronomical book published in Japan. Although all five volumes mention the study of mathematical astronomy, the first volume has circular star maps and the second has figures of the lunar lodges" (Miyajima).
A precious copy of a highly interesting astronomical work, richly illustrated, preserved in its original wrappers.
French
Osaka, Itanya Mohee, 1689.
5 parties reliées en 6 volumes in-4 respectivement de : 32, 31, 37, 31, 33 et 54 ff. Texte xylographié en japonais sur papier de riz. Nombreuses annotations manuscrites en caractères chinois à l'encre rouge.
Conservés dans leurs brochures bleues d'origine cousues à la manière orientale, pièces de titre calligraphiées sur du papier ancien ajoutées plus tardivement sur les plats supérieurs. Quelques traces d'usure. Cachet sur les contreplats. Chemise de protection en toile bleue.
222 x 160 mm.
Edition originale rare et precieuse du premier livre d'astronomie publié au Japon.
Miyajima Kazuhiko, Japanese Celestial Cartography, S. 590 f.; Annick Horiuchi, Les mathématiques japonaises à l'époque d'Edo, 1994, p.266.
Le Tenmon Zukai (Explication de l'astronomie au moyen de figures) est l'œuvre d'un astronome de Kyoto, Iguchi Tsunenori.
Tsunenori fut largement influencé par les recherches de son collègue Shibukawa Harumi (1639-1751), qui avait effectué les premières observations astronomiques du pays en 1669. Il avait étudié les mouvements de la lune, du soleil et des planètes, ainsi que les éclipses, et avait utilisé ces nouvelles données pour établir le premier calendrier du Japon, le Jokyo.
L'ouvrage d'Iguchi est fondé sur les nouvelles données mises à jour par Shibukawa Harumi, mais il dénote également une influence de l'astronomie occidentale transmise par les œuvres de Schall et de Verbiest.
Divisé en 5 parties, le présent traité est consacré à l'astronomie mathématique. Il traite du système planétaire et du mouvement céleste, des phases et orbites de la lune, des saisons, et de la prédiction des éclipses.
L'abondante illustration se compose de 50 gravures sur bois, dont 4 sur double-page, illustrant les connaissances astronomiques exposées dans le texte. Parmi les gravures, on trouve des cartes du ciel et des étoiles, des figures des phases lunaires et une carte de l'hémisphère oriental.
Cette carte de l'hémisphère oriental est influencée par la célèbre carte mondiale de Matteo Ricci publiée à Pékin en 1602 et présentée à l'empereur Ming Shenzong. On sait que les jésuites avaient envoyé de Pékin plusieurs exemplaires de cette carte au Japon.
La carte d'Iguchi présente une particularité très intéressante : au sud-est du Japon, la carte illustre deux îles imaginaires : Kinshima, l'île d'or et Ginshima, l'île d'argent. L'origine de ces illustrations n'est pas claire mais on sait que les navigateurs hollandais et espagnols ont vainement sillonné l'océan pacifique pendant les XVIe et XVIIe siècles à la recherche de ces deux îles.
14 des gravures ont été partiellement rehaussées de couleurs à l'époque.
" The 'Tenmon Zukai' is the first astronomical book published in Japan. Although all volumes mention the study of mathematical astronomy, the first volume has circular star maps and the second has figures of the lunar lodges" (Miyajima).
Précieux exemplaire d'un ouvrage d'astronomie du plus haut intérêt, abondamment illustré, conservé dans ses brochures d'origine.
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