A Celestial Planisphere, Or Map of the Heavens. (1835)

Map Details:
hand colored engraving on folded sheet
dimensions: 14 1/8" x 28"
condition: professionally conserved, very good condition, some toning to paper, good color throughout

Description:
This 1835 hand colored engraving, is Pl. VIII. from Elija H. Burritt's Atlas, Designed To Illustrate the Geography of the Heavens. Elijah H. Burritt, A.M. was a Connecticut school teacher who decided that the then available school astronomy books were not adequate. He trained himself further in astronomy by traveling to Cambridge, Massachusetts to use the Harvard Telescope. This research was preparation for writing his book and celestial atlas. His illustrated celestial Atlas, Designed to Illustrate the Geography of the Heavens of 1835 that was accompanied in the classroom by a published text book, the Class Book of Astronomy is in fact the second edition of his seminal 1833 work of the same title, and became the standard astronomy atlas and text book for students in the United States. The contemporary praise and recommendations published on the back cover of the 1835 edition of Burritt's Atlas explain "This book is now used in the principal Seminaries of the United States" and is recommended by the Board of Examinations of Yale College." That a schoolmaster in a small Connecticut school established a national, educational standard for astronomy education in 1835 is remarkable as is the expectation that this level of academic study and competence in both the science, history and art of astronomy could be mastered by students in schools of many different levels and resources.
All of the color engraved celestial charts in the Atlas present a view of the night sky from the vantage point of New England. In addition to a north and south polar views of the heavens, there are four separate views of the constellations in the New England night sky for each three-month season. For the student of astronomy, there is a double page, black and white engraved chart that shows the relative size of the planets in our solar system including the planet Herschel (Uranus), Plate I. A Plan of the Solar System Exhibiting Its Relative Magnitudes and Distances. Finally, there is Pl. VIII, a double page, color engraved chart titled a "Celestial Planisphere or Map of the Heavens" and in the 1835 New Edition table of contents is identified as "Planisphere of the Whole Heavens on Mercator's Projection."
Each celestial chart has a Scale of Magnitude of the stars in order to indicate the brightness of the star in the night sky when viewed by a student of the heavens. Constellations and the planets are named according to Greek and Roman mythology. Certain of the constellations, such as "The American Goose" appear to be home grown. A then contemporary understanding of many of the constellation names also required a familiarity with Greek and Roman mythology.
The rare 1833 first edition of the Atlas, of the same title, in my private collection, has seven rather than eight color engraved plates. The first edition is engraved by Ilman & Pilbrow and printed by Illman & Co. These 1833 illustrations of the constellations are actually drawn by Elijah Burritt himself ("E.H. Burritt Delt.") in a simpler and somewhat naive and American folk art style. The 1835 Atlas edition illustrations shown here are overseen by Elijah Burritt and engraved by W.G. Evans in a formal style influenced by 18th and 19th c. European examples of celestial illustrations.