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Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and
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Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States Paperback - 1972

by Albert O. Hirschman

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From the publisher

An innovator in contemporary thought on economic and political development looks here at decline rather than growth. Albert O. Hirschman makes a basic distinction between alternative ways of reacting to deterioration in business firms and, in general, to dissatisfaction with organizations: one, "exit," is for the member to quit the organization or for the customer to switch to the competing product, and the other, "voice," is for members or customers to agitate and exert influence for change "from within." The efficiency of the competitive mechanism, with its total reliance on exit, is questioned for certain important situations. As exit often undercuts voice while being unable to counteract decline, loyalty is seen in the function of retarding exit and of permitting voice to play its proper role.

The interplay of the three concepts turns out to illuminate a wide range of economic, social, and political phenomena. As the author states in the preface, "having found my own unifying way of looking at issues as diverse as competition and the two-party system, divorce and the American character, black power and the failure of 'unhappy' top officials to resign over Vietnam, I decided to let myself go a little."

Details

  • Title Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States
  • Author Albert O. Hirschman
  • Binding Paperback
  • Edition [ Edition: First
  • Pages 176
  • Volumes 1
  • Language ENG
  • Publisher Harvard University Press, Cumbreland, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
  • Publication date 1972-02-01
  • Illustrated Yes
  • Features Bibliography, Illustrated, Index
  • ISBN 9780674276604 / 0674276604
  • Weight 0.44 lbs (0.20 kg)
  • Dimensions 8.26 x 5.26 x 0.49 in (20.98 x 13.36 x 1.24 cm)
  • Category Business / Economics / Finance
  • Library of Congress subjects Dissenters, Organizational sociology
  • Library of Congress Catalogue Number 2004271016
  • Dewey Decimal Code 302.35
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Exit, Voice, and Loyalty : Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States
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Exit, Voice, and Loyalty : Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States

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Exit, Voice, and Loyalty : Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States

by Hirschman, Albert O

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